When someone collapses unexpectedly, bystanders often assume it's a heart attack. However, it could be something far more serious—sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Though both conditions involve the heart, they are vastly different in causes, symptoms, and required emergency responses. Understanding the difference between a heart attack and sudden cardiac arrest can save lives, and knowing how an automated external defibrillator (AED) plays a role in survival is crucial.
Definitions and Causes
What Is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?
Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart abruptly stops beating due to an electrical malfunction. This causes the person to collapse, lose consciousness, and stop breathing normally within seconds. Without immediate treatment, SCA is fatal. Causes include:
- Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeats): The most common cause is ventricular fibrillation, where the heart quivers instead of pumping blood.
- Coronary Artery Disease: Blockages in arteries can trigger arrhythmias that lead to cardiac arrest.
- Structural Heart Issues: Conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a genetic disease that causes the heart walls to thicken, can contribute to SCA.
- Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of potassium, magnesium, or calcium can disrupt the heart's rhythm.
What Is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, happens when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually due to a clot in the coronary artery. The affected heart muscle begins to die without oxygen-rich blood. Unlike cardiac arrest, the heart does not usually stop beating. Symptoms include:
- Chest Pain or Discomfort: A squeezing, pressure-like pain in the chest that may radiate to the arms, neck, or back.
- Shortness of Breath: Especially if it occurs suddenly or with exertion.
- Cold Sweats, Nausea, or Lightheadedness: These symptoms are often overlooked, especially in women.
Emergency Response Differences: What to Do in Each Scenario
For Sudden Cardiac Arrest:
- Call 911 Immediately.
- Begin CPR Right Away. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest.
- Use an AED as Soon as Possible. An AED can shock the heart back into a normal rhythm and is the only effective treatment for SCA.
For a Heart Attack:
- Call 911 Immediately. Do not wait, as early treatment can prevent serious damage.
- Keep the Person Calm. Have them sit down and rest.
- Give Aspirin if Available. Chewing a 325 mg aspirin can help thin the blood and reduce damage.
- Monitor for Signs of Worsening Condition. If they collapse and become unresponsive, begin CPR and use an AED.
How AEDs Help in Cardiac Arrest
AEDs are designed to detect life-threatening heart rhythms and deliver a shock if needed. In cases of sudden cardiac arrest, the chances of survival decrease by 10% for every minute without defibrillation. An AED can restore a normal heart rhythm long before emergency responders arrive, making them essential in public spaces, schools, workplaces, and even homes.
FAQs
Q: Can a heart attack lead to sudden cardiac arrest?
A: Yes. A severe heart attack can trigger a dangerous arrhythmia, leading to cardiac arrest.
Q: How can I tell the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
A: A heart attack victim is often conscious and experiencing chest pain, while a person in cardiac arrest is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
Q: Should I use an AED on someone having a heart attack?
A: No, unless they become unresponsive and stop breathing. AEDs only deliver a shock if necessary.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between sudden cardiac arrest and a heart attack is crucial for saving lives. While both are medical emergencies, only an AED can treat SCA. Being prepared with an AED and knowing how to respond can mean the difference between life and death.
Take Action Today
Equip your home, workplace, or community with an AED. Here at AED.US , we can help you find the right life-saving device for your needs.